Axit fomic và những ứng dụng trong hoạt động sản xuất

07/02/2023

Axit fomic là dạng hợp chất hữu cơ axit cacboxylic đơn giản nhất với công thức của nó là HCOOH hoặc CH2O2, nó được ứng dụng rộng rãi trong

Formic acid

Other names: Methanoic Acid
Specifications: 74%, 85%, 90%, 94% Min.
CAS Number: 64-18-6
Molecular formula: HCOOH
Molecular weight: 46.03 g/mol
Boiling point: 100.8 degrees Celsius
Properties: Colorless liquid with a pungent odor, strongly corrosive and miscible with water and alcohol solvents.
Specification: 25kg/can or 35kg/can

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Common canning specifications of Formic Acid in industry

What is formic acid?

Formic acid is the simplest form of carboxylic acid organic compound with its formula HCOOH or CH2O2. In nature, we can find formic acid in the venom of bees and the stings of winged insects, mainly ants.
Some alternative names: methanoic acid, aminonic acid, formic aldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen carboxylic acid, formylic acid,…
The name of formic acid comes from the Latin word: ant – formica. It can be easily separated from the distillation of ant corpses.

Physical and chemical properties of formic acid

1. Physical properties

It is a colorless, odorous liquid that smokes easily.
Formic acid is soluble in water and other organic solvents and sparingly soluble in hydrocarbons.
In hydrocarbons and in the vapor phase, formic acid consists of hydrogen-bonded dimers rather than individual molecules, and in the gas phase, this hydrogen bonding results in a large deviation from the laws of physics. thought.

2. Chemical properties

Properties of acids

Although formic acid is a weak acid, it is the strongest in the homologous series of saturated, monofunctional, acyclic carboxylic acids and due to the electron density accumulation effect in the –COOH group, it is stronger than carbonic acid H2CO3. It has all the properties of an acid, including:

Formic acid solution turns blue litmus to light red.

Reacts with strong metals and forms hydrogen gas according to the reaction equation:

2NA + 2HCOOH → 2HCOONA + H2

React with basic oxide according to the reaction equation

CuO + 2HCOOH → (HCOO)2Cu + H2O

React with bases according to the reaction equation

NaOH + HCOOH → HCOONa + H2O

React with salts of weak acids according to the reaction equation

NaHCO3 + HCOOH → HCOONa + CO2 + H2O

Properties of the group – COOH

Esterification reaction (catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid and heat)

HCOOH + CH3OH → HCOOCH3 + H2O

This reaction is reversible.

Calculate Aldehydes

Mirror reaction: When the aldehyde functional group reacts with AgNO3 or Ag2O in an ammonia environment, silver will be created.

HCOOH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH → (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag↓ + 2NH3↑ + H2O

What applications does formic acid have?

Used in textile, rubber, insecticide, chemical synthesis industries… This is an effective and environmentally safe organic acid.
As a neutralizing agent and pH adjuster in textile production.
As an acid for tanning leather.
Combine with hydrogen peroxide to make bean oil epoxidizing agent.
It is a descaling solution and antibacterial agent in hygiene, home cleaning and industrial production.
Used as a pH value regulator in flue gas desulfurization, pus coagulation and many other applications.
Helps silage animal food and is chosen as an effective alternative to antibiotics in livestock farming.
Provides hydride in many different chemical processes.

In the oil sector:

Formic acid helps dissolve calcium carbonate.
The salt of formic acid is potassium formate used in oil wells to melt ice.
Formic acid is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in medicine production.

Note, preserve when using formic acid

1. Note when using

When working with formic acid, you need to wear adequate protective clothing, gloves, eyeglasses, etc. to avoid acid splashing on your body.
This chemical can be dangerous when used in high concentrations due to the corrosive nature of the acid.
If accidentally touched or inhaled, it can cause symptoms of ulcers, nausea, burns, and herpes at the adhesion site. In case the respiratory tract is affected, the patient should be removed to an open space and immediately contact medical staff for appropriate treatment.